How To Use Et Al In Letter

Is commonly used in place of a list of names whether of people or places when the list would be exhaustive or is simply not necessary.

How to use et al in letter. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then. Is found in essays research papers and legal writings. Et alia et al is latin for and others et al is most commonly used in a list of people particularly when referring to the authors of an academic publication. After the first author. As usual but also include lowercase letters after the year 2010a 2010b etc to tell the references apart.

The abbreviation e g is from the latin exempli gratia and means literally for example periods come after each letter and a. The use of et al is the same in both styles. Namely use et al. For more information and examples on citing references in text see chapter 6 of our sixth edition publication manual pp. In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others.

It can sound unnatural when read aloud so an unabbreviated english equivalent is often better in less formal writing. With in text citation is there. As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al. The use of et al. Is an abbreviation of the latin phrase et alia which means and others et al.

Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al. Is best reserved for citations and other parenthetical remarks in academic or other types of formal writing. For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date. The most common use of et al. Notes and bibliography and author date style.

It is important to use these abbreviations literally and to punctuate them correctly. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. For example when referring to a scientific research paper the authors may be cited as goodman et al meaning the paper was by goodman and some other researchers. It does take a period after the second word even when it falls in the middle of a sentence. Many writers confuse e g and i e and many type et al improperly or do not properly recognize what words it represents.