How To Use Et Al In Reference List

After the first author.

How to use et al in reference list. For example props f. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations. Where a source document has been written by more than two authors some guidelines say more than three authors then you should replace all but the first author surname with et al. Always write et al in lowercase unless it begins a sentence and include a period after al even when it appears in the middle of a sentence. On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors.

For research papers having three or more authors mla states that for the reference list the first author s surname should be cited followed by a comma then the rest of the name followed by et al for in text citations the first author s surname is followed by et al. Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al. Specifically articles with one or two authors include all names in every in text citation. In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others. Use the lead author s name and et al.

Articles with three four or five authors include all names in the first in text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. For sources with three to five authors list all the authors the first time and use et al only in subsequent citations. Et al is simply a way of making your in text reference more concise and unobtrusive. Modern language association mla style manual. For example blythe et al 2003.

For all in text citations. With in text citation is there. And articles with six or more authors are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. Use the lead author s surname and et al. As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al.

In your reference list citation of a major reference book with a large editorial board. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. Encyclopedia of halloween costumes.