How To Use Et Al Referencing

References within a reference check the reference list for ibid.

How to use et al referencing. If you reference the author s name in your text the parenthetical citation goes immediately after the author s name or in this case after the abbreviation et al not at the end of the sentence as it normally would. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then. As demonstrated in 3. In this case the latin abbreviation et al meaning and others is essential. Notes and bibliography and author date style.

When three or more names are given for a reference cited in the text. Chicago style has two systems of citation. The sixth edition of the publication manual of the american psychological association offers guidelines in the use of et al. Whenever you have multiple initial authors that are the same citation should go to the first dissimilar author. For subsequent in text citations of a work with 3 to 5 authors.

The use of et al is the same in both styles. Cite similar references based upon the first different names. According to 4 and 6 9. Use the lead author s name and et al. After the last dissimilar author.

These refer to a previous reference and should be eliminated from the reference section. As previously mentioned different style guidelines have adopted different rules for using et al so the best way to use et al is to check the guidelines of your target journal or organization and follow the style accordingly. 2008 or acoose et al 2008 for in text citation. This can make things easier if you re referencing more than one source in the same sentence. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity.

Note that et al. In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others. Below is a chart showing when to use et al. General use of et al. Once it comes to giving detailed information on the source in the reference list et al should never be used.