How To Write Et Al

2 give all three names for every citation.

How to write et al. For the second reference the two remaining names can be abbreviated to et al. Or 3 use et al. It depends on whether the publication uses the oxford comma that is the last comma in a list e g the one after white in the phrase red white and blue. The other et al. In less common situations et al.

Follows a single name e g tate et al it doesn t need a comma. Harris et al 2001 or harris et al. Throughout but citations to. A quirk of et al. Can be used to abbreviate almost anything.

For more than three authors a practice also favored by the chicago manual of style 2 whereas cambridge university press for its stm science technology medicine books says. When it follows more than one name some publications set et al. In parentheses or using a signal phrase. We advise that you consult with your university or professor on which to choose. Citations to works with three authors can either.

Latin abbreviations like etc. Every time you cite the source. Is used when there are 4 or more authors. 1 give all three names the first time and thereafter use et al. Means and others and abbreviates people in a list while etc.

The al in et al is always followed by a period. This is because the term is an abbreviation of the latin phrase et alia the period indicates that it is an abbreviation. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations. So if you have worked through a reference and only one name is left to abbreviate you must spell out all the names every time to tell the two apart. Stands for et alibi which refers to locations that will not appear in a list.